参考文献/References:
[1]Chen W,Zheng R,Baade PD,et al.Cancer statistics in China,2015.CA Cancer J Clin,2016,66(2):115-132.
[2]Yang Y,Wang HY,Chen YK,et al.Current status of surgical treatment of rectal cancer in China.Chin Med J (Engl),2020,133(22):2703-2711.
[3]Zhu YH,Xiong H,Chen YG,et al.Comparison of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery and conventional laparoscopicassisted resection in the treatment effects of low rectal cancer.Sci Rep,2021,11(1):9338.
[4]关旭，焦帅，黄海洋，等.中国经自然腔道取标本手术开展现状分析.中华结直肠疾病电子杂志，2021，10(2):122-131.
[5]Stewart EA,Liau AS,Friedman AJ.Operative la paroscopy followed by colpotomy for resecting a colonic leiomyosarcoma:a case report.J Reprod Med,1991,36(12):883-884.
[6]Nezhat F,Nezhat C,Pennington E,et al.Laparoscopic segmental resection for infiltrating endometriosis of the rectosigmoid colon:a preliminary report. Surg Laparosc Endosc,1992,2(3):212-216.
[7]Franklin ME Jr,Ramos R,Rosenthal D,et al. Laparoscopic colonic procedures. World J Surg,1993,17(1):51-56.
[8]Kalloo AN，Singh VK，Jagannath SB，et al．Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy:a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeuticin terventions in the peritoneal cavity．Gastrointest Endosc，2004，60(1):114-117．
[9]Palanivelu C，Rangarajan M，Jategaonkar PA，et al．An innovative technique for colorectal specimen retrieval:a new era of “naturalorifice specimen extraction”(NOSE)．Dis Colon Rectum，2008，51(7):1120-1124．
[10]何力,许胜水,兰峻斌,等.无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下乙状结肠癌和直肠癌根治切除保肛手术的治疗体会.中国现代普通外科进展,2008,11(6):532-533.
[11]王锡山,崔滨滨,刘正,等.经阴道入路直肠肿瘤切除术二例.中华胃肠外科杂志,2011,14(5):325-326.
[12]潘华峰,阮虎,赵坤,等.手术机器人系统直肠癌切除术——经肛门拖出标本及手术机器人行吻合重建.中华胃肠外科杂志,2012,15(8):807-809.
[13]王锡山．结直肠肿瘤类-NOTES术之现状及展望．中华结直肠疾病电子杂志，2015，4(4):367-372.
[14]中国NOSES联盟，中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会NOSES专委会．结直肠肿瘤经自然腔道取标本手术专家共识(2017)．中华结直肠疾病电子杂志，2017，6(4):266-272．
[15]中国NOSES联盟，中国医师协会结直肠肿瘤专业委员会NOSES专委会．结直肠肿瘤经自然腔道取标本手术专家共识(2019版)．中华结直肠疾病电子杂志，2019，8(4):336-342．
[16]Guan X,Lu Z,Wang Z,et al.Comparative shortand longterm outcomes of three techniques of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for rectal cancer.Eur J Surg Oncol,2020,46(10 Pt B):e55-e61.
[17]关旭,王贵玉,周主青,等.79家医院718例结直肠肿瘤经自然腔道取标本手术回顾性研究.中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2017,6(6):469-477.
[18]王锡山.经自然腔道取标本手术和经自然腔道内镜手术及经肛全直肠系膜切除术的应用前景与挑战.中华胃肠外科杂志，2018，21(8)：856-861.
[19]Efetov SK,Tulina IA,Kim VD，et al.Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) surgery with rectal eversion and total extraabdominal resection.Tech Coloproctol,2019,23(9):899-902.
[20]Izquierdo KM,Unal E,Marks JH.Natural orifice speci men extraction in colorectal surgery:patient selection and perspectives.Clin Exp Gastroenterol,2018,11:265-279.
[21]王锡山．结肠直肠肿瘤经自然腔道取标本手术适应证选择的规范与共识．外科理论与实践，2018，23(5):394-397.
[22]Wang KJ,Zhu Z,Gao W,et al.Factors influencing the application of transrectal natural orifice specimen extraction performed laparoscopically for colorectal cancer:a retrospective study.Asian J Surg,2021,44(1):164-168.
[23]杨飖，傅传刚.NOSES在结肠直肠癌手术中的应用现状与展望.外科理论与实践，2021，26(4):305-311.
[24]Huang B,Liu MC,Gao W,et al.Nomogram for predicting the feasibility of natural orifice specimen extraction after laparoscopic rectal resection.J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2021,36(7):1803-1811.
[25]朱哲,傅传刚,周主青,等.经直肠取出标本的全腹腔镜前切除术治疗T4a期高位直肠癌及乙状结肠癌的安全性分析.中华胃肠外科杂志,2019,22(5):484-487.
[26]Ngu J，Wong AS．Transanal natural orifice specimen extraction in colorectal surgery: bacteriological and oncological concerns．ANZ J Surg，2016，86(4):299-302.
[27]Gündogan E,Cicek E,Sumer F,et al.A case of vaginal recurrence following laparoscopic leftsided colon cancer resection combined with transvaginal specimen extraction.J Minim Access Surg,2019,15(4):345-347.
[28]彭健，丁成明，贾泽民，等．NOSES结直肠癌根治术腹腔冲洗液肿瘤细胞学检测及细菌培养结果分析．中华结直肠疾病电子杂志，2018，7(4):342-346.
[29]Ouyang QH,Peng J,Xu S,et al.Comparison of NOSES and conventional laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer: bacteriological and oncological concerns.Front Oncol,2020,10:946.
[30]裴炜，周思成，周海涛，等.结直肠癌腹腔镜经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES IV式)术后并发症危险因素分析.中华结直肠疾病电子杂志，2020，9(3):240-244.
[31]Guan X,Liu Z,Longo A,et，al.International consensus on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer.Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf),2019,7(1):24-31.
[32]Saurabh B,Chang SC,Ke TW,et al.Natural orifce specimen extraction with single stapling colorectal anastomosis for laparoscopic anterior resection:feasibility,outcomes,and technical considerations.Dis Colon Rectum,2017,60(1):43-50.
[33]Zhuang CL,Zhang FM,Wang Z,et al.Precision functional sphincterpreserving surgery (PPS) for ultralow rectal cancer:a natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) surgery technique.Surg Endosc,2021,35(1):476-485.