参考文献/References:
[1]Brotis AG, Tasiou A, Paterakis K, et al. Complications associated with surgery for thoracic disc herniation: A systematic review and network metaanalysis. World Neurosurg,2019,132:334-342.
[2]Yamasaki R, Okuda S, Maeno T, et al. Surgical outcomes of posterior thoracic interbody fusion for thoracic disc herniations. Eur Spine J,2013,22(11):2496-2503.
[3]Carr DA, Volkov AA, Rhoiney DL, et al. Management of thoracic disc herniations via posterior unilateral modified transfacet pediclesparing decompression with segmental instrumentation and interbody fusion. Global Spine J,2017,7(6):506-513.
[4]Kim M, Oh SK, Choi I, et al. Clinical outcomes of posterior thoracic cage interbody fusion (PTCIF) to treat trauma and degenerative disease of the thoracic and thoracolumbar junctional spine. J Clin Neurosci,2019,60:117-123.
[5]Kang J, Chang Z, Huang W, et al. The posterior approach operation to treat thoracolumbar disc herniation. Medicine（Baltimore）,2018,97(16):e0458.
[6]Cornips EM, Janssen ML, Beuls EA. Thoracic disc herniation and acute myelopathy: clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, surgical considerations, and outcome. J Neurosurg Spine,2011,14(4):520-528.
[7]Court C, Mansour E, Bouthors C. Thoracic disc herniation: Surgical treatment. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2018,104(1S):S31-S40.
[8]Oltulu I, Cil H, Berven S, et al. Surgical management of thoracic disc herniation: anterior vs posterior approach. Turk Neurosurg,2019,29(4):584-593.
[9]Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, O’Brien MF, et al. Accuracy and efficacy of thoracic pedicle screws in curves more than 90 degrees. Spine (Phila Pa 1976),2005,30(2):222-226.
[10]Robinson WA, Nassr AN, Sebastian AS. Thoracic disc herniation, avoidance, and management of the surgical complications. Int Orthop,2019,43(4):817-823.
[11]Gong M, Liu G, Guan Q, et al. Surgery for giant calcified herniated thoracic discs: A systematic review. World Neurosurg,2018,118:109-117.
[12]Brm W, Bzner U, Knig RW, et al. Surgical treatment of thoracic disc herniations via tailored posterior approaches. Eur Spine J,2011,20(10):1684-1690.
[13]王伍贵.脊柱后路手术合并脑脊液漏的相关因素及处理.国际医药卫生导报,2013,19(19):3021-3022.
[14]周源，齐强，陈仲强.胸脊髓血供与胸椎间盘突出症患者术后神经症状加重关系的研究进展.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2014,24(12):1120-1123.
[15]宋岳，孙永明，周越.脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的发生机制及其防治.沈阳医学院学报,2018,20(5):449-454.
[16]马迅，乔军杰，关晓明，等.胸椎管狭窄症后路手术神经系统并发症发生原因及处理.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2014,24(7):605-608.
[17]Kerezoudis P, Rajjoub KR, Goncalves S, et al. Anterior versus posterior approaches for thoracic disc herniation: Association with postoperative complications. Clin Neurol Neurosur,2018,167:17-23.
[18]Qi Q, Chen ZQ, Liu N, et al. Circumspinal decompression through a single posterior incision to treat thoracolumbar disc herniation. Chin Med J (Engl),2011,124(23):3852-3857.
[19]Moon S, Lee J, Jang J, et al. The transdural approach for thoracic disc herniations: a technical note. Eur Spine J,2010,19(7):1206-1211.
[20]Vanichkachorn JS, Vaccaro AR. Thoracic disk disease: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg,2000,8(3):159-169.
[21]Strom RG, Mathur V, Givans H, et al. Technical modifications and decisionmaking to reduce morbidity in thoracic disc surgery: An institutional experience and treatment algorithm. Clin Neurol Neurosur,2015,133:75-82.
[22]Daltaban IS,Misir S,Turksoy VA,et al. The effects of barnidipine on an experimental ischemia reperfusion model of spinal cord injury and comparison with methyl prednisolone. North Clin Istanb,2018,6(2):103-109.
[23]Coppes MH, Bakker NA, Metzemaekers JDM, et al. Posterior transdural discectomy: a new approach for the removal of a central thoracic disc herniation. Eur Spine J,2012,21(4):623-628.
[24]岳学锋，郭海忠，施建党，等.后路椎管环形减压椎间融合内固定术治疗胸腰段椎间盘突出并椎体后缘离断症.宁夏医科大学学报,2017,39(4):449-453.
[25]Guerin P, El Fegoun AB, Obeid I, et al. Incidental durotomy during spine surgery: Incidence, management and complications. A retrospective review. Injury,2012,43(4):397-401.
[26]Yang S, Chen Q, Ning S, et al. Modified eggshell procedure via posterior approach for sclerosing thoracic disc herniation: a preliminary study. J Orthop Surg Res,2016,11(1):102.
[27]王善夫，李光磊，李怡然，等.后路环形减压治疗胸椎椎间盘突出伴骨化的疗效.武警医学,2014,25(9):898-901.
[28]Pei B, Sun C, Xue R, et al. Circumferential decompression via a modified costotransversectomy approach for the treatment of single level hard herniated disc between T10-L1. Orthop Surg,2016,8(1):34-43.
[29]吴沁民，徐兆万，庄青山，等.硬化性胸椎间盘突出症手术并发症及防治策略.实用骨科杂志,2016,22(2):144-146.
[30]Sivakumaran R, Uschold TD, Brown MT, et al. Transfacet and transpedicular posterior approaches to thoracic disc herniations:Consecutive case series of 24 patients. World Neurosurg,2018,120:e921-e931.
[31]Menon SK, Onyia CU. A short review on a complication of lumbar spine surgery: CSF leak. Clin Neurol Neurosur,2015,139:248-251.
[32]Hannallah D, Lee J, Khan M, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks following cervical spine surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am,2008,90(5):1101-1105.
[33]Wong AP, Shih P, Smith TR, et al. Comparison of symptomatic cerebral spinal fluid leak between patients undergoing minimally invasive versus open lumbar foraminotomy, discectomy, or laminectomy. World Neurosurg,2014,81(3-4):634-640.
[34]Guerin P, El FA, Obeid I, et al. Incidental durotomy during spine surgery: incidence, management and complications. A retrospective review. Injury,2012,43(4):397-401.
[35]Grannum S, Patel MS, Attar F, et al. Dural tears in primary decompressive lumbar surgery. Is primary repair necessary for a good outcome? Eur Spine J,2014,23(4):904-908.
[36]Fang Z, Tian R, Jia YT, et al. Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak after spine surgery. Chin J Traumatol,2017,20(2):81-83.
[37]Khazim R, Dannawi Z, Spacey K, et al. Incidence and treatment of delayed symptoms of CSF leak following lumbar spinal surgery. Eur Spine J,2015,24(9):2069-2076.
[38]王永强，刘晓光，姜亮，等.胸椎管狭窄症术后脑脊液漏继发皮下积液的治疗.北京大学学报(医学版),2018,50(4):657-661.
[39]Butler JS, Wagner SC, Morrissey PB, et al. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of surgical site infection in the lumbar spine. Clin Spine Surg,2018,31(8):323-330.
[40]Zhou J, Wang R, Huo X, et al. Incidence of surgical site infection after spine surgery. Spine,2020,45(3):208-216.
[41]Hofler RC, Swong K, Martin B, et al. Risk of pseudoarthrosis after spinal fusion: analysis from the healthcare cost and utilization project. World Neurosurg,2018,120:e194-e202.
[42]Hu X, Lieberman IH. Revision spine surgery in patients without clinical signs of infection: How often are there occult infections in removed hardware? Eur Spine J,2018,27(10):2491-2495.
[43]宇洪浩，原泉，王欢.胸腰椎后路内固定术后早期切口感染的影响因素.中国医科大学学报,2019,48(5):406-409.
[44]Ferry T, Valour F, Lustig S, et al. The challenge of infection prevention in spine surgery: an update. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol,2013,23(S1):15-19.
[45]Fei Q, Li J, Lin J, et al. Risk factors for surgical site infection after spinal surgery: A metaanalysis. World Neurosurg,2016,95:507-515.
[46]He Y, Li H, Lu H. Is blood transfusion associated with an increased risk of infection among spine surgery patients? Medicine,2019,98(28):e16287.
[47]De la GarzaRamos R, Abt NB, Kerezoudis P, et al. Deepwound and organspace infection after surgery for degenerative spine disease: an analysis from 2006 to 2012. Neurol Res,2016,38(2):117-123.
[48]Nishimura Y, Thani NB, Tochigi S, et al. Thoracic discectomy by posterior pediclesparing, transfacet approach with realtime intraoperative ultrasonography: Clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine,2014,21(4):568-576.
[49]Arnold PM, Johnson PL, Anderson KK. Surgical management of multiple thoracic disc herniations via a transfacet approach: a report of 15 cases. J Neurosurg Spine,2011,15(1):76-81.
[50]Anderson PA, Savage JW, Vaccaro AR, et al. Prevention of surgical site infection in spine surgery. Neurosurgery,2017,80(3):S114-S123.
[51]Yin D, Liu B, Chang Y, et al. Management of lateonset deep surgical site infection after instrumented spinal surgery. Bmc Surg,2018,18(1):121.
[52]Zeng X, Wang W, Zhao Z, et al. Causes and preventive measures of symptomatic spinal epidural haematoma after spinal surgery. Int Orthop,2017,41(7):1395-1403.
[53]Arts MP, Bartels RHMA. Anterior or posterior approach of thoracic disc herniation? A comparative cohort of minitransthoracic versus transpedicular discectomies. Spine J,2014,14(8):1654-1662.
[54]Kim W, Kim S, Kang S, et al. Pooled analysis of unsuccessful percutaneous biportal endoscopic surgery outcomes from a multiinstitutional retrospective cohort of 797 cases. Acta Neurochir,2020,162(2):279-287.
[55]Qin R, Liu B, Hao J, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy versus posterior open lumbar microdiscectomy for the treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation: a systemic review and metaanalysis. World Neurosurg,2018,120:352-362.
[56]Deinsberger R, Regatschnig R, Ungersbck K. Intraoperative evaluation of bone decompression in anterior cervical spine surgery by threedimensional fluoroscopy. Eur Spine J,2005,14(7):671-676.
[57]Tian W, Weng C, Liu B, et al. Intraoperative 3dimensional navigation and ultrasonography during posterior decompression with instrumented fusion for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine. J Spinal Disord Tech,2013,26(6):E227-E234.
[58]Aoyama T, Hida K, Akino M, et al. Detection of residual disc hernia material and confirmation of nerve root decompression at lumbar disc herniation surgery by intraoperative ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol,2009,35(6):920-927.
[59]Lerch K, Volk M, Heers G, et al. Ultrasoundguided decompression of the spinal canal in traumatic stenosis. Ultrasound Med Biol,2002,28(1):27-32.
[60]江凌，刘晓光，姜亮，等.术中超声在胸椎管狭窄减压术中的应用价值.中国医学科学院学报,2012,34(2):99-103.
[61]杨万石，赵小魁，王强，等.超声在脊柱脊髓手术中实时监测的应用研究.中华医学超声杂志(电子版),2010,7(12):2139-2144.