参考文献/References:
[1]Bruix J, Llovet JM. Prognostic prediction and treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology, 2002, 35:519-524.
[2]Higgins J, Thompson S, Deeks J, et al. Statistical heterogeneity in systematic reviews of clinical trials: a critical appraisal of guidelines and practice. J Health Serv Res Policy, 2002, 7:51-61.
[3]Rhim H, Dodd GD 3rd. Radiofrequency thermal ablation of liver tumors. J Clin Ultrasound, 1999, 27:221-229.
[4]Rossi S, Buscarini E, Garbagnati F, et al. Percutaneous treatment of small hepatic tumors by an expandable RF needle electrode. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1998, 170:1015-1022.
[5]Thanos L, Mylona S, Galani P, et al. Overcoming the heatsink phenomenon: successful radiofrequency thermal ablation of liver tumors in contact with blood vessels. Diagn Interv Radiol, 2008, 14:51-56.
[6]梁萍, 高永艳. 微创时代肝癌的微波消融治疗.中华消化外科杂志,2009,8:7-9.
[7]Seki T, Wakabayashi M, Nakagawa T, et al. Ultrasonically guided percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer, 1994, 74:817-825.
[8]Dong BW, Liang P, Yu XL, et al. Sonographically guided microwave coagulation treatment of liver cancer: an experimental and clinical study. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1998, 171:449-454.
[9]赵齐羽, 蒋天安. 铷激光(Nd:YAG)在肝癌超声介入治疗中的研究进展.国外医学·外科学分册,2005,32:88-92.
[10]GoughPalmer AL. Gedroyc WM. Laser ablation of hepatocellular carcinomaa review. World J Gastroenterol, 2008, 14:7170-7174.
[11]洪德飞, 彭淑牖, 童利民, 等. 半导体锥形散射激光局部热消融肝组织的实验研究.中华外科杂志,2003,41:849-851.
[12]Edmunds TB Jr, Schulsinger DA, Durand DB, et al. Acute histologic changes in human renal tumors after cryoablation. J Endourol, 2000, 14:139-143.
[13]Pearson AS, Izzo F, Fleming RY, et al. Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation for hepatic malignancies. Am J Surg, 1999, 178:592-599.
[14]Gillams AR. Image guided tumour ablation. Cancer Imaging, 2005, 21:103-109.
[15]Shiina S. Imageguided percutaneous ablation therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol, 2009, 44:122-131.
[16]Mazzaferro V,Regalia E,Doci R,et al.Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis.N Engl J Med,1996,334:693-699.
[17]Tateishi R, Shiina S, Ohki T, et al. Treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma: expanding the indications for radiofrequency ablation. J Gastroenterol, 2009, 44:142-146.
[18]郭佳, 杨甲梅, 吴孟超, 等. 超声介入无水酒精瘤内注射治疗肝癌的意义(附2000例报告).中国实用外科杂志,2001,21:494-495.
[19]Kang HW, Kim YJ, Kim KM, et al. Efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy in Korean with hepatocellular carcinoma. Korean J Gastroenterol, 2003, 42: 502-509.
[20]庞雄昊, 陈敏山, 梁惠宏,等. 小肝癌手术与射频消融治疗的现状.实用医学杂志,2007,23:779-781.
[21]陈敏山,张耀军,李锦清,等. 射频消融或联合经皮瘤内无水乙醇注射治疗小肝癌181例疗效分析.中国微创外科杂志,2005,5:105-107.
[22]Lencioni R, Cioni D, Crocetti L, et al. Earlystage hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: longterm results of percutaneous imageguided radiofrequency ablation. Radiology, 2005, 234:961-967.
[23]董宝玮, 梁萍, 于晓玲, 等. 超声引导经皮微波消融治疗早期原发性肝癌的远期疗效.中华医学杂志,2006,86:797-800.
[24]Pacella CM, Bizzarri G, Francica G, et al. Analysis of factors predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous laser ablation. J Hepatol, 2006, 44:902-909.
[25]周霖, 杨永平, 刘静, 等. 氩氦刀冷冻治疗早期肝癌疗效分析.胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2008,17:1000-1002.
[26]Omata M, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, et al. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by percutaneous tumor ablation methods: Ethanol injection therapy and radiofrequency ablation. Gastroenterology, 2004, 127:S159-S166.
[27]Yin XY, Xie XY, Lu MD, et al. Percutaneous thermal ablation of medium and large hepatocellular carcinoma: longterm outcome and prognostic factors. Cancer, 2009, 115:1914-1923.
[28]Kuang M, Lu MD, Xie XY, et al. Liver cancer: increased microwave delivery to ablation zone with cooledshaft antennaexperimental and clinical studies. Radiology, 2007, 242:914-924.
[29]Yu Z, Liu W, Fan L, et al. The efficacy and safety of percutaneous microwave coagulation by a new microwave delivery system in large hepatocellular carcinomas: four case studies. Int J Hyperthermia, 2009, 25:392-398.
[30]Peng ZW, Chen MS, Liang HH, et al. A casecontrol study comparing percutaneous radiofrequency ablation alone or combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncolm, 2009 Jul 28.\[Epub ahead of print\]
[31]Cheng BQ, Jia CQ, Liu CT, et al. Chemoembolization combined with radiofrequency ablation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2008, 299:1669-1677.
[32]Clasen S, Pereira PL. Magnetic resonance guidance for radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors. J Magn Reson Imag. 2008, 27:421-433.
[33]Ueda K, Ohkawara T, Minami M, et al. Nonrealtime computed tomographyguided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma undetectable by ultrasonography. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1998, 25:1254-1258.
[34]Laganà D, Carrafiello G, Mangini M, et al. Hepatic radiofrequency under CTfluoroscopy guidance. Radiol Med, 2008, 113:87-100.
[35]Laspas F, Sotiropoulou E, Mylona S, et al. Computed tomographyguided radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment efficacy and complications. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2009, 18:323-328.
[36]Park BJ, Byun JH, Jin YH, et al. CTguided radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinomas that were undetectable at US: therapeutic effectiveness and safety. J Vasc Interv Radiol, 2009, 20:490-499.
[37]Becker HC, Meissner O, Waggershauser T. Carm CTguided 3D navigation of percutaneous interventions. Radiologe, 2009, 49:852-855.
[38]Podnos YD, Henry G, Ortiz JA, et al. Laparoscopic ultrasound with radiofrequency ablation in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: technique and technical considerations. Am Surg, 2001, 67:1181-1184.
[39]Casaccia M, Andorno E, Nardi I, et al. Laparoscopic USguided radiofrequency ablation of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis: feasibility and clinical outcome. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A,2008, 18:797-801.
[40]杜燕夫, 韩进, 谢德红, 等. 腹腔镜辅助下原发性肝癌和肝转移癌的射频消融术治疗.腹腔镜外科杂志,2004,9:65-67.
[41]Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology, 2005, 42:1208-1256.
[42]Orlando A, Leandro G, Olivo M, et al. Radiofrequency thermal ablation vs. percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Gastroenterol, 2009, 104:514-524.
[43]Bouza C, LópezCuadrado T, Alcázar R, et al. Metaanalysis of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation versus ethanol injection in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol, 2009, 9:31.
[44]Ohmoto K, Yoshioka N, Tomiyama Y, et al. Comparison of therapeutic effects between radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 24:223-227.
[45]Bilchik AJ, Wood TF, Allegra D, et al. Cryosurgical ablation and radiofrequency ablation for unresectable hepatic malignant neoplasms: a proposed algorithm. Arch Surg, 2000, 135:657-662.
[46]Awad T, Thorlund K, Gluud C. Cryotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2009, 7:CD007611.
[47]Yamamoto J, Okada S, Shimada K, et al. Treatment strategy for small hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of longterm results after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy and surgical resection. Hepatology, 2001, 34:707-713.
[48]AbuHilal M, Primrose JN, Casaril A, et al. Surgical resection versus radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of small unifocal hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg, 2008, 12:1521-1526.
[49]Ueno S, Sakoda M, Kubo F, et al. Liver Cancer Study Group. Surgical resection versus radiofrequency ablation for small hepatocellular carcinomas within the Milan criteria. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2009, 16:359-366.
[50]Chen MS, Li JQ, Zheng Y, et al. A prospective randomized trial comparing percutaneous local ablative therapy and partial hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg, 2006, 243:321-328.
[51]Mulier S, Mulier P, Ni Y, et al. Complications of radiofrequency coagulation of liver tumours. Br J Surg, 2002, 89:1206-1222.
[52]Dupas B, Frampas E, Leaute F, et al. Complications of fluoroscopy, ultrasound, and CTguided percutaneous interventional procedures. J Radiol, 2005, 86:586-598.
[53]Toyoda M, Kakizaki S, Horiuchi K, et al. Computed tomographyguided transpulmonary radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma located in hepatic dome. World J Gastroenterol, 2006, 12:608-611.
[54]Wang ZY, Sun WB, Li MY, et al. Percutaneous extrapulmonary radiofrequency ablation for tumors in the hepatic dome. Hepatogastroenterology, 2008, 55:1164-1166.
[55]Jungraithmayr W, Burger D, Olschewski M, et al. Cryoablation of malignant liver tumors: results of a single center study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int, 2005, 4:554-560.