参考文献/References:
［1］Buess GF, Raestrup H. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Surg Oncol Clinic North America, 2001, 10: 709-731.
［2］Salm R, Lampe H, Bustos A, et al. Experience with TEM in Germany. Endosc Surg Allied Technol, 1994, 2: 251-254.
［3］Meng WCS, Yu SCH, Choi CL, et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery. ELSA, 1996, 1: 65-66.
［4］Demartines N, von Flüe MO, Harder FH. Transanal endoscopic microsurgical excision of rectal tumors: indications and results. World J Surg, 2001, 25: 870-875.
［5］Lev-Chelouche D, Margel D, Goldman G, et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: experience with 75 rectal neoplasms. Dis Colon Rectum, 2000, 43: 662-668.
［6］Mentges B, Buess G, Effinger K, et al. Indications and results of local treatment of rectal cancer. Br J Surg, 1997, 84: 348-351.
［7］Chiu YS, Spencer RJ. Villous lesions of the colon. Dis Colon Rectum, 1978, 21: 493-495.
［8］Winburn GB. Surgical resection of villous adenomas of the rectum. Ann Surg, 1998, 64:1170-1173.
［9］Winde G, Nottberg H, Keller R, et al. Surgical cure for early rectal carcinomas (T1): transanal endoscopic microsurgery vs. anterior resection. Dis Colon Rectum, 1996, 39: 969-976.
［10］Heintz A, Morschel M, Junginger T. Comparison of results after transanal endoscopic microsurgery and radical resection for T1 carcrnoma of the rectum. Surg Endosc, 1998, 12: 1145-1148.
［11］Azimuddin K, Riether RD, Stasik JJ, et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for excision of rectal lesions: technique and initial results. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 2000, 10: 372-378.
［12］Smith LE, Ko ST, Saclarides T, et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: initial registry results. Dis Colon Rectum, 1996, 39(Suppl):S79-S84.
［13］蒙家兴, 邵初晓, 刘应裕, 等. 经肛门内镜显微手术切除直肠肿瘤. 中华胃肠外科杂志,2003, 6: 96-98.
［14］Graham RA, Garnsey L, Jessup JM, et al. Local excision of rectal carcinoma. Am J Surg, 1990, 160: 306-312.
［15］Lezoche E, Guerrieri M, Paganini A, et al. Transanal endoscopic microsurgical excision of irradiated and nonirradiated rectal cancer: a 5-year experience. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1998, 8: 249-256.
［16］Lezoche E, Guerrieri M, Feliotti F, et al. Local excision of rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) combined with radiotherapy: new concept of therapeutic approach. Przeglad Lekarski, 2000, 57(Suppl): S72-S74.
［17］Zaheer S, Pemberton JH, Farouk R, et al. Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. Ann Surg, 1998, 227: 800-811.
［18］Herman RM, Richter P, Walega P, et al. Anorectal sphincter function and rectal barostat study in patients following transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Inter J Colorec Dis, 2001, 16: 370-376.
［19］Araki Y, Isomoto H, Shirouzu K, et al. Clinical efficacy of video-assisted gasless transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rectal carcinoid tumor. Surg Endosc, 2001, 15: 402-404.
［20］Kanehira E, Yamashita Y, Omura K, et al. Early clinic results of endoscopic surgery using a newly designed rectal tube with a side window. Surg Endosc, 2002, 16: 14-17.
［21］Langer C, Markus P, Liersch T,et al. Ultracision or high-frequency knife in transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM): advantages of a new procedure. Surg Endosc, 2001, 15: 513-517.
［22］Kato K, Saito T, Matsuda M, et al. Successful treatment of a rectal anastomotic stenosis by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) using the contact Nd:YAG laser. Surg Endosc, 1997, 11:485-487.
［23］Yamashita Y, Sakai T, Watanabe K, et al. Dye-enhanced selective laser ablation for surgical mucosectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc, 1999, 9: 387-391.